According to the currently adopted definition by WHO (World Health Organization), probiotics are "life microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host."
At the start of the 20th century, probiotics were thought to beneficially affect the host by improving its intestinal microbial balance, thus inhibiting pathogens and toxin producing bacteria. Today, specific health effects are being investigated and documented including alleviation of chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases prevention and treatment of pathogen-induced diarrhea, urogenital infections, and atopic diseases (i.e., asthma).
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